{"id":4037,"date":"2024-02-23T13:03:25","date_gmt":"2024-02-23T11:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/frontlavicovejmladeze.sk\/?page_id=4037"},"modified":"2026-06-09T13:49:05","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T11:49:05","slug":"kapital","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/smefront.org\/en\/vzdelavanie\/kapital\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapit\u00e1l I."},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4037\" class=\"elementor elementor-4037\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-85479e5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"85479e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0543b29\" data-id=\"0543b29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73adb99 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"73adb99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>\u201cIde tu o tieto z\u00e1kony samotn\u00e9, o tieto tendencie,<br>p\u00f4sobiace a\npresadzuj\u00face sa so \u017eeleznou nutnos\u0165ou.\u201d<\/i><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f065b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f065b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapit\u00e1l I.<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93e7315 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93e7315\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>Karl Marx<\/i><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50111e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50111e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d83aca\" data-id=\"8d83aca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-183d61c elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"183d61c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#tovar\" rel=\"tag\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-star\" viewbox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M259.3 17.8L194 150.2 47.9 171.5c-26.2 3.8-36.7 36.1-17.7 54.6l105.7 103-25 145.5c-4.5 26.3 23.2 46 46.4 33.7L288 439.6l130.7 68.7c23.2 12.2 50.9-7.4 46.4-33.7l-25-145.5 105.7-103c19-18.5 8.5-50.8-17.7-54.6L382 150.2 316.7 17.8c-11.7-23.6-45.6-23.9-57.4 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">I. Tovar<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#vymena\" rel=\"tag\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-star\" viewbox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M259.3 17.8L194 150.2 47.9 171.5c-26.2 3.8-36.7 36.1-17.7 54.6l105.7 103-25 145.5c-4.5 26.3 23.2 46 46.4 33.7L288 439.6l130.7 68.7c23.2 12.2 50.9-7.4 46.4-33.7l-25-145.5 105.7-103c19-18.5 8.5-50.8-17.7-54.6L382 150.2 316.7 17.8c-11.7-23.6-45.6-23.9-57.4 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">II.-III. V\u00fdmena a peniaze\u200b<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#mcm\" rel=\"tag\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-star\" viewbox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M259.3 17.8L194 150.2 47.9 171.5c-26.2 3.8-36.7 36.1-17.7 54.6l105.7 103-25 145.5c-4.5 26.3 23.2 46 46.4 33.7L288 439.6l130.7 68.7c23.2 12.2 50.9-7.4 46.4-33.7l-25-145.5 105.7-103c19-18.5 8.5-50.8-17.7-54.6L382 150.2 316.7 17.8c-11.7-23.6-45.6-23.9-57.4 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">IV.-VI. Kapit\u00e1l a pracovn\u00e1 sila<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-221b933 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"221b933\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abfe6c4\" data-id=\"abfe6c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-250a935 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"250a935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d6dbca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d6dbca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O texte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2761b25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2761b25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u0161etci na\u0148 maj\u00fa n\u00e1zor no m\u00e1lokto ho \u010d\u00edtal a e\u0161te menej \u013eud\u00ed mu rozumie. Marx vo svojom \u017eivotnom diele &#8211; Kapit\u00e1li &#8211; anal\u00fdze dozrievaj\u00faceho priemyseln\u00e9ho kapitalizmu pod\u00e1va triezvy no o to viac zdrvuj\u00faci v\u00fdklad z\u00e1konov, ktor\u00fdmi sa riadi kapitalistick\u00e1 ekonomika. V tomto diele Marx pomocou materialistickej a dialektickej met\u00f3dy objavuje z\u00e1kony, ktor\u00e9 platia dodnes a dodnes dok\u00e1\u017eu predpoveda\u0165 nov\u00e9 pohyby v spolo\u010dnosti. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7f4a2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7f4a2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fd187d\" data-id=\"6fd187d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c9ec41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4c9ec41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"460\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/n5vu4MpYgUo?si=i_R-8QY8CnAkWg5Q\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b93f204\" data-id=\"b93f204\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0413410 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0413410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>Kapit\u00e1l je v\u00fdkladnou skri\u0148ou marxistickej analytickej met\u00f3dy a jeho triezvej, nedoktrin\u00e1rskej povahy. Pozrite si \u00favodn\u00e9 video Davida Harveyho o tom, \u010do od Marxa \u010daka\u0165 a ako ho \u010d\u00edta\u0165 spr\u00e1vne. Zabudnite na to, \u010do viete alebo si mysl\u00edte \u017ee viete o ekonomike a o Marxovi a po\u010fte s nami odha\u013eova\u0165 p\u00f4vod kapit\u00e1lu, jeho v\u00fdroby a jeho z\u00e1konov.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ab6014 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ab6014\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapit\u00e1l I. v \u010deskom jazyku n\u00e1jdete v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/cestina\/marx-engels\/1867\/kapital\/index.htm\">Marxistickom arch\u00edve<\/a>. Alternat\u00edvne si m\u00f4\u017eete k\u00fapi\u0165 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Capital-Volumes-Classics-World-Literature\/dp\/1840226994\">lacn\u00fd paperback <\/a>.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c468c4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3c468c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 120 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpolygon points=&#039;0,14.4 0,21 11.5,12.4 21.3,20 30.4,11.1 40.3,20 51,12.4 60.6,20 69.6,11.1 79.3,20 90.1,12.4 99.6,20 109.7,11.1 120,21 120,14.4 109.7,5 99.6,13 90.1,5 79.3,14.5 71,5.7 60.6,12.4 51,5 40.3,14.5 31.1,5 21.3,13 11.5,5 \t&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e38af4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e38af4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Na tejto str\u00e1nke n\u00e1jdete ot\u00e1zky (a odpovede), na ktor\u00e9 sa oplat\u00ed upriami\u0165 pozornos\u0165 pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch kapitol. Sna\u017eili sme sa vybra\u0165 ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre pochopenie hlavn\u00fdch my\u0161lienok, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 aj tak\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa relevantn\u00e9 pre n\u00e1s dnes.\n\n<br><br>Sprievodcov k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm textom marxistickej klasiky <a href=\"https:\/\/smefront.org\/en\/citatelsky-klub\/\">n\u00e1jdete tu<\/a>.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6c1be8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c6c1be8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-02b9c48 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"02b9c48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-14228fb\" data-id=\"14228fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d02933d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d02933d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sprievodca textom<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-050d3e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"050d3e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"tovar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-197c718\" data-id=\"197c718\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15486ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"15486ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-213d861 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"213d861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">I. Tovar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a3cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3a3cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f4307f\" data-id=\"2f4307f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20216c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"20216c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"460\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1Sgo9I61gOI?si=jcJkHMDMyrwSV6Ra\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-086833b\" data-id=\"086833b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cea5194 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"cea5194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe style=\"border-radius:12px\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/2vxLyeRciznJpC30dvwgf3?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8caf8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8caf8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fd dopl\u0148uj\u00faci materi\u00e1l<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd3732a elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"bd3732a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1981\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1981\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u010co je \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e1 hodnota - ak\u00e1 je jej podstata, ak\u00fa m\u00e1 formu?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1981\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1981\"><p>\u00da\u017eitkov\u00e1 hodnota je realizovan\u00e1 iba v jej spotrebe, nech m\u00e1 ak\u00fako\u013evek spolo\u010densk\u00fa podobu. Rozumej: hodnota produktu\/slu\u017eby spo\u010d\u00edva v dopyte po danej veci, neh\u013eadiac na formu d\u00f4vodu dopytu (fyziologick\u00e1 \u010di kult\u00farno-spolo\u010densk\u00e1 potreba).<\/p><p>\u00da\u017eitkov\u00e1 hodnota m\u00f4\u017ee existova\u0165 aj bez \u013eudskej pr\u00e1ce, alebo bez toho, aby bola tovarom: napr. pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 zdroje, resp. jedlo uvaren\u00e9 doma. Naopak, bez dopytu vec hodnotu str\u00e1ca, bez oh\u013eadu na mno\u017estvo pr\u00e1ce na \u0148u vynalo\u017een\u00e9ho.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1982\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1982\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u010co je podmienkou v\u00fdmeny tovaru?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1982\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1982\"><p>V\u00fdmena tovaru je umo\u017enen\u00e1 t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e1 hodnota st\u00e1va abstraktnou &#8211; neporovn\u00e1va sa akos\u0165 \u00fa\u017eitkovej hodnoty, ale ich mno\u017estvo. Inak: v\u00fdmena je umo\u017enen\u00e1 rovnakou podstatou (\u00fa\u017eitkovej hodnoty) tovaru. Z toho tie\u017e vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee tovar ako tak\u00fd inherentne neobsahuje \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fa hodnotu. Hodnota tovaru m\u00e1 teda dvojak\u00fa podstatu: akostn\u00fa &#8211; \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fa hodnotu, v z\u00e1sade neporovnate\u013en\u00fa s in\u00fdmi druhmi tovaru; mno\u017estevn\u00fa &#8211; (v\u00fdmenn\u00fa) Hodnotu, ktor\u00e1 je kvalitat\u00edvne rovnak\u00e1 naprie\u010d komoditami.<\/p><p>Rovnak\u00e1 podstata tovaru &#8211; \u00fa\u017eitkovej hodnoty je abstraktn\u00e1 \u013eudsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca &#8211; to je jedin\u00e1 vec, ktor\u00fa m\u00e1 v\u0161etok tovar a slu\u017eby spolo\u010dn\u00e9. T\u00e1 vytv\u00e1ra Hodnotu, ktor\u00e1 sa manifestuje v podobe pri v\u00fdmene v podobe v\u00fdmennej hodnoty.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1983\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1983\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Je pr\u00e1ca lajd\u00e1ka rovnako hodnotn\u00e1 ako pr\u00e1ca profesion\u00e1la?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1983\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1983\"><p>Hodnota vytvoren\u00e1 \u013eudskou pr\u00e1cou nie je dan\u00e1 \u010dist\u00fdm mno\u017estvom pr\u00e1ce vynalo\u017eenej na v\u00fdrobu tovaru &#8211; inak by bol tovar lenivca drah\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tovar vyroben\u00fd za zlomok \u010dasu; Hodnota je dan\u00e1 mno\u017estvom pracovnej doby spolo\u010densky nevyhnutnej na v\u00fdrobu dan\u00e9ho tovaru. Spolo\u010densky nevyhnutn\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 doba je priemern\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka vynakladania priemernej pracovnej sily na v\u00fdrobu priemern\u00e9ho tovaru dan\u00e9ho druhu. Resp. ako Marx uv\u00e1dza nesk\u00f4r, ide o priemern\u00fa dobu, ak\u00fa trv\u00e1 dominantn\u00e9mu (t.j. technologicky priemern\u00e9mu) sp\u00f4sobu v\u00fdroby v\u00fdroba dan\u00e9ho tovaru.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adbc666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adbc666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\u010eal\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky<\/h5><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">Ak\u00fd m\u00e1 vplyv produktivita pr\u00e1ce na hodnotu tovaru?<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Pre\u010do Marx nerozli\u0161uje medzi pr\u00e1cou potrebnou na v\u00fdrobu r\u00f4znych tovarov?<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Ak\u00e1 je podmienka prejavu hodnoty tovaru?<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">\u010co sa Marx sna\u017e\u00ed vyjadri\u0165 t\u00e9zou o komoditnom feti\u0161izme?<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ab9bca elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3ab9bca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-df07413 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"df07413\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"vymena\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ac2d57\" data-id=\"2ac2d57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d39d307 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"d39d307\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-star-of-life\" viewbox=\"0 0 480 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M471.99 334.43L336.06 256l135.93-78.43c7.66-4.42 10.28-14.2 5.86-21.86l-32.02-55.43c-4.42-7.65-14.21-10.28-21.87-5.86l-135.93 78.43V16c0-8.84-7.17-16-16.01-16h-64.04c-8.84 0-16.01 7.16-16.01 16v156.86L56.04 94.43c-7.66-4.42-17.45-1.79-21.87 5.86L2.15 155.71c-4.42 7.65-1.8 17.44 5.86 21.86L143.94 256 8.01 334.43c-7.66 4.42-10.28 14.21-5.86 21.86l32.02 55.43c4.42 7.65 14.21 10.27 21.87 5.86l135.93-78.43V496c0 8.84 7.17 16 16.01 16h64.04c8.84 0 16.01-7.16 16.01-16V339.14l135.93 78.43c7.66 4.42 17.45 1.8 21.87-5.86l32.02-55.43c4.42-7.65 1.8-17.43-5.86-21.85z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e60d733 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e60d733\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly II. a III. - V\u00fdmena a peniaze<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c561b7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c561b7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-365a874\" data-id=\"365a874\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05bc3fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"05bc3fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"460\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cpW1Q9sgUB0?si=8T1gGvx8FfwfTgVG\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d04166\" data-id=\"8d04166\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ad30a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"8ad30a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe style=\"border-radius:12px\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/2TFkKYck4aEFwEZ5h2UVSQ?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca7d8a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca7d8a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fd dopl\u0148uj\u00faci materi\u00e1l<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a40be76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"a40be76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u010co s\u00fa peniaze? \u010co steles\u0148uj\u00fa?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\"><p>Pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e1 forma Hodnoty tovaru je vecou spolo\u010denskou &#8211; je to d\u00f4sledok porovn\u00e1vania mno\u017estva Hodn\u00f4t: pri v\u00fdmennom obchode s\u00fa Hodnoty sam\u00e9 o sebe mierou Hodnoty, ich Hodnota sa nemen\u00ed na v\u00fdmenn\u00fa, ale ost\u00e1va \u00fa\u017eitkovou hodnotou; cena &#8211; pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e1 podoba v\u00fdmennej hodnoty &#8211; zachov\u00e1va v\u00fdmenn\u00fd obchod na novej, abstraktnej \u00farovni &#8211; miesto porovn\u00e1vania \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t, porovn\u00e1va sa Hodnota s Hodnotou pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e9ho tovaru, ktor\u00fd, ako tovar ako tak\u00fd, v\u00fdmenn\u00fa hodnotu nadob\u00fada vo vz\u0165ahu k zvy\u0161n\u00e9mu tovaru.<\/p><p>Peniaze zhmot\u0148uj\u00fa Hodnotu tovaru. Je to v\u0161ak v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 podstata Hodnoty tovaru &#8211; \u013eudsk\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 sila v tovare stelesnen\u00e1 &#8211; ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje porovn\u00e1vanie-v\u00fdmenu tovaru, nie peniaze ako tak\u00e9.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ak\u00fd je vz\u0165ah medzi cenou a hodnotou tovaru za dan\u00fdch podmienok?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\"><p>Zmena Hodnoty pe\u0148az\u00ed, resp. pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia nemen\u00ed Hodnotu tovaru &#8211; k\u00fdm sa cena men\u00ed propor\u010dne s Hodnotou pe\u0148az\u00ed naprie\u010d v\u0161etk\u00fdmi druhmi tovaru, v\u00fdmenn\u00e1 hodnota ost\u00e1va nemenn\u00e1. Pokia\u013e v\u0161ak t\u00e1to zmena nie je v\u0161eobecn\u00e1, zmena Hodnoty pe\u0148az\u00ed relat\u00edvne men\u00ed v\u00fdmenn\u00fa hodnotu tovaru. Ke\u010f\u017ee peniaze steles\u0148uj\u00fa Hodnotu tovaru a cena je manifest\u00e1cia hodnoty pe\u0148az\u00ed, vz\u0165ah, resp. pomer medzi cenou a Hodnotou tovaru je v podstate n\u00e1hodn\u00fd. V\u010faka tejto n\u00e1hodnosti, resp. neur\u010ditos\u0165ou vz\u0165ahu medzi Hodnotou a cenou, m\u00f4\u017ee aj cenu nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 aj vec bez Hodnoty.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u010co je to C-M-C?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\"><p>Tovar \u010di hodnota vstupom na trh vstupuj\u00fa do rozporupln\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u010faka peniazom rozuzlen\u00e9 a v\u00fdmena tovaru je umo\u017enen\u00e1. V praxi doch\u00e1dza k premene tovaru na peniaze a sp\u00e4\u0165 na tovar:<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Commodity &#8211; Money &#8211; Commodity<\/strong><\/p><p>V \u010dasti C-M trhov\u00e9ho okruhu z\u00edskava tovar univerz\u00e1lnu-pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fa podobu, od ktorej z\u00e1vis\u00ed osud predajcu. D\u00f4sledkom toho je v praxi dok\u00e1zan\u00e1 existencia spolo\u010dnosti, ktorej predajca je skrz svoj produkt z\u00e1vislou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou, nie izolovanou jednotkou. C-M je aj k\u00fapou, no v prvom rade predajom, bez ktor\u00e9ho k\u00fapa pe\u0148az\u00ed nie je mo\u017en\u00e1. M-C je ako dov\u0155\u0161en\u00edm cie\u013ea v\u00fdroby tovaru, teda jeho v\u00fdmena za predmet spotreby, tak i za\u010diatkom nov\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu C-M-C: vznik\u00e1 tak komplexn\u00e1 sie\u0165 vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch v\u00fdmenn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fdm obehom a v\u00fdmenn\u00fdm obchodom?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\"><p>Obeh tovaru sa od v\u00fdmenn\u00e9ho obchodu podstatne l\u00ed\u0161i, lebo barter je uzatvoren\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom: produkt A vymen\u00edm za produkt B, alebo A za C, alebo A za \u2026 X; V\u00fdmena tovaru 1 za peniaze a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 v\u00fdmena pe\u0148az\u00ed za tovar 2 d\u00e1 do pohybu v\u00fdmeny tovarov 3 \u2026 n skrz peniaze, ktor\u00e9 sprostredkovali prv\u00fa v\u00fdmenu 1-2. Teda univerz\u00e1lnos\u0165 pe\u0148az\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161tiepenie p\u00f4vodnej v\u00fdmeny na mno\u017estvo \u010fal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ak\u00fd je vz\u0165ah medzi peniazmi (a ich mno\u017estva v obehu) a obehom tovaru?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\"><p>Mno\u017estvo potrebn\u00fdch pe\u0148az\u00ed je dan\u00e9 celkovou sumou cien tovaru v obehu. T\u00fdm p\u00e1dom, zmena hodnoty pe\u0148az\u00ed sa odraz\u00ed na zmene cien. Zmena ceny aj h\u0155stky centr\u00e1lnych komod\u00edt m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k zmene celkovej sumy cien, a teda aj zmeny mno\u017estva pe\u0148az\u00ed v obehu. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti plat\u00ed, \u017ee mno\u017estvo obe\u017eiva v danom momente je rovn\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010dtu cien vydelen\u00fdm po\u010dtom transakci\u00ed obe\u017eivom danej denomin\u00e1cie: pri kon\u0161tantn\u00fdch cen\u00e1ch sa mno\u017estvo obe\u017eiva zv\u00fd\u0161i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm mno\u017estva tovaru\/transakci\u00ed a opa\u010dne; mno\u017estvo obe\u017eiva ostane rovnak\u00e9 ak sa so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm cien zn\u00ed\u017ei mno\u017estvo tovaru a naopak. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 obehu (po\u010det transakci\u00ed za jednotku \u010dasu) znamen\u00e1 jednotu medzi C-M a M-C &#8211; spomalenie obehu znamen\u00e1 preh\u013abenie rozporu medzi k\u00fapu a predajom:<\/p><p><strong>Predaj neznamen\u00e1 automaticky k\u00fapu za ut\u0155\u017een\u00e9 peniaze &#8211; hromadenie obe\u017eiva znamen\u00e1 naru\u0161enie celkov\u00e9ho obehu &#8211; doch\u00e1dza ku kr\u00edze.<\/strong><\/p><p>Peniaze nie s\u00fa ihne\u010f obe\u017eivom &#8211; n\u00edm sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa a\u017e po ukon\u010den\u00ed obvodu C-M-C. V jednotliv\u00fdch krokoch C-M a M-C sa tak peniaze st\u00e1vaj\u00fa iba prostriedkom platby. Kv\u00f4li tomu m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k spomalen\u00e9mu obehu \u010di k hromadeniu pe\u0148az\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148, \u010d\u00edm dlh\u0161ie tieto pauzy trvaj\u00fa, t\u00fdm viac pe\u0148az\u00ed sa mus\u00ed nahromadi\u0165 a naopak, \u010d\u00edm krat\u0161ie s\u00fa, t\u00fdm menej obe\u017eiva treba (krat\u0161ie pauzy znamenaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed obeh, tak\u017ee menej obe\u017eiva prebehne viacer\u00fdmi rukami &#8211; vi\u010f z\u00e1kon o r\u00fdchlosti obehu).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bd22b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8bd22b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\u010eal\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky<\/h5><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">Ak\u00fd je pr\u00e1vny predpoklad pre v\u00fdmenu tovaru?<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Ak\u00e1 je podmienka v\u00fdmeny tovaru z poh\u013eadu hodnoty vo vz\u0165ahu k predajcovi a kupcovi<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Je Marxov pr\u00edklad v\u00fdvoja od barteru k peniazom historicko-antropologick\u00fd, alebo len ilustra\u010dn\u00fd?<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177e861 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"177e861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3be6f62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3be6f62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"mcm\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea647e1\" data-id=\"ea647e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-696c811 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"696c811\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-star-of-life\" viewbox=\"0 0 480 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M471.99 334.43L336.06 256l135.93-78.43c7.66-4.42 10.28-14.2 5.86-21.86l-32.02-55.43c-4.42-7.65-14.21-10.28-21.87-5.86l-135.93 78.43V16c0-8.84-7.17-16-16.01-16h-64.04c-8.84 0-16.01 7.16-16.01 16v156.86L56.04 94.43c-7.66-4.42-17.45-1.79-21.87 5.86L2.15 155.71c-4.42 7.65-1.8 17.44 5.86 21.86L143.94 256 8.01 334.43c-7.66 4.42-10.28 14.21-5.86 21.86l32.02 55.43c4.42 7.65 14.21 10.27 21.87 5.86l135.93-78.43V496c0 8.84 7.17 16 16.01 16h64.04c8.84 0 16.01-7.16 16.01-16V339.14l135.93 78.43c7.66 4.42 17.45 1.8 21.87-5.86l32.02-55.43c4.42-7.65 1.8-17.43-5.86-21.85z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-837dc44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"837dc44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly IV. a\u017e VI. - Vzorec kapit\u00e1lu a pracovn\u00e1 sila<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a165516 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a165516\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bfe7db2\" data-id=\"bfe7db2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30f71af elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"30f71af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"460\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/n5vu4MpYgUo?si=LRH6J9ZkyvVw3hv-\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba770e9\" data-id=\"ba770e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ff6dad elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0ff6dad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe style=\"border-radius:12px\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/2zdL0F2ZUtopjQnktjFBhj?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e623a5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e623a5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fd dopl\u0148uj\u00faci materi\u00e1l<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cd94ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"6cd94ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1141\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1141\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ako sa peniaze st\u00e1vaj\u00fa kapit\u00e1lom?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1141\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1141\"><p>Kapit\u00e1l sa najprv jav\u00ed v pe\u0148a\u017enej podobe, no od pe\u0148az\u00ed sa l\u00ed\u0161i sp\u00f4sobom obehu: miesto C-M-C kapit\u00e1l cirkuluje v podobe M-C-M. \u00da\u010delom pe\u0148az\u00ed tu teda nie je v\u00fdmena tovaru, ale zhodnotenie tejto pe\u0148a\u017enej z\u00e1lohy. K\u00fdm M-C v prvom type obehu je dokon\u010den\u00edm f\u00e1zy C-M bez ktorej by nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 peniaze z\u00edska\u0165, v druhom je jeho za\u010diatkom: ide o dva podstatne odli\u0161n\u00e9 druhy obehu, v prvom sa men\u00ed akos\u0165 za akos\u0165, v druhom type v\u00fdmeny je cie\u013eom zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enie mno\u017estva hodnoty. Teda cie\u013eom nie je M-C-M, ale M-C-M\u2019 teda M+\u0394M. <strong>Toto \u0394M sa naz\u00fdva nadhodnota<\/strong>.<\/p><p>M\u2019 bez op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho zaradenia do obehu M-C-M\u2019 prest\u00e1va by\u0165 kapit\u00e1lom &#8211; bu\u010f sa men\u00ed na peniaze v druhej polovici obvody C-M-C, alebo sa men\u00ed na hordu. Peniaze sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa kapit\u00e1lom len ich premenou na tovar.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1142\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1142\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Kedy vznik\u00e1 cena a \u010do to znamen\u00e1 pre tvorbu nadhodnoty?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1142\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1142\"><p>Cena tovaru vznik\u00e1 e\u0161te pred vstupom tovaru do obehu &#8211; cena je podmienkou obehu, nie jeho produktom. Tovar m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vymenen\u00fd nad \u010di pod jeho Hodnotu, no ide iba o odch\u00fdlku &#8211; st\u00e1le sa predpoklad\u00e1 v\u00fdmena ekvivalentov. Pokia\u013e sa teda vymie\u0148aj\u00fa iba ekvivalenty, Hodnoty rovnakej ve\u013ekosti, \u017eiadna nadhodnota z tak\u00e9ho obchodu nem\u00f4\u017ee plyn\u00fa\u0165: pokia\u013e plat\u00ed <em>tovar A = tovar B<\/em>, tak predaj pod hodnotu jedn\u00e9ho tovaru znamen\u00e1 relat\u00edvny n\u00e1rast hodnoty na druhej strane, \u010d\u00edm ost\u00e1va celkov\u00e1 hodnota tovaru na trhu nezmenen\u00e1, ergo nadhodnota nevznikla.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1143\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1143\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Z \u010doho pramen\u00ed nadhodnota?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1143\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1143\"><p>Nadhodnota nem\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 bez v\u00fdmeny, lebo sama vznik\u00e1 z v\u00fdmennej hodnoty, ktor\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 a\u017e pri v\u00fdmene \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t: zisk vznik\u00e1 a\u017e po predaji tovaru. Nadhodnota teda mus\u00ed vznika\u0165 v\u00fdmenou tak\u00e9ho tovaru, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee Hodnotu vytvori\u0165. <strong>T\u00fdmto tovarom je pracovn\u00e1 sila.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1144\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1144\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa podmienky predaja pracovnej sily?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1144\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1144\"><p>Pracovn\u00e1 sila sa tovarom m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 jedine ak ju jej majite\u013e ako tovar pon\u00fakne. Mus\u00ed ju teda ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ako vlastn\u00fa a pon\u00faka\u0165 ju mus\u00ed na dobu ur\u010dit\u00fa. \u010eal\u0161ou podmienkou je, \u017ee pracuj\u00faci mus\u00ed ma\u0165 potrebu svoju pracovn\u00fa silu preda\u0165 na trhu: nie je to prirodzenos\u0165, ale d\u00f4sledok ur\u010dit\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja &#8211; bez potreby preda\u0165 svoju pracovn\u00fa silu str\u00e1ca jej predaj zmysel.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1145\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1145\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ako sa ur\u010duje hodnota pracovnej sily?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1145\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1145\"><p>Hodnota pracovnej sily je dan\u00e1 hodnotou prostriedkov na udr\u017eanie schopnosti pracova\u0165: pracovn\u00e1 sila m\u00e1 tak\u00fa hodnotu, ak\u00fa m\u00e1 potrava, \u0161atstvo, energie, oddych spolo\u010densky nevyhnutn\u00fd dokopy. Bez prenesenia tejto hodnoty na \u010dloveka nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 tovar-pracovn\u00fa silu reprodukova\u0165. Tu vyvst\u00e1va rozdiel medzi Hodnotou in\u00e9ho tovaru: Hodnota \u013eudskej pracovnej sily je tie\u017e predmetom historick\u00fdch a spolo\u010densk\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed &#8211; pred 100 rokmi vyzeral nevyhnutn\u00fd oddych \u010di predmety osobnej spotreby omnoho inak.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1146\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1146\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ak\u00fd je d\u00f4sledok predaja schopnosti pracova\u0165 na ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das na tvorbu hodnoty??<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1146\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1146\"><p>Pracovn\u00e1 sila sa pred\u00e1va, doslova odovzd\u00e1va, kapitalistovi, ktor\u00fd ju dr\u017e\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das, pri\u010dom ju vymie\u0148a za jej cenu, \u010di u\u017e platbou vopred, alebo s pr\u00eds\u013eubom vyplatenia mzdy &#8211; v ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade je v\u0161ak pracovn\u00e1 sila pracuj\u00facemu odcudzen\u00e1 na tento \u010dasov\u00fd v\u00fdsek. V\u010faka tomu pracovn\u00e1 sila vytv\u00e1ra Hodnotu aj po tom, \u010do vyrob\u00ed tovar vo v\u00fd\u0161ke Hodnoty samej seba.<\/p><p>Teda: ak 1 hodina pr\u00e1ce stoj\u00ed 10\u20ac a za polhodiny vyrob\u00edm tovar v cene 10\u20ac, tak zvy\u0161n\u00fa polhodinu vyr\u00e1bam iba nadhodnotu.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6667ab7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6667ab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\u010eal\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky<\/h5><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">Ako sa l\u00ed\u0161i sp\u00f4sob z\u00edskavania hodnoty v merkantilizme oproti kapitalizmu? (n\u00e1poveda: M-C-M&#8216;)<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Komu patr\u00ed nadhodnota?<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2e3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5e2e3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3d5ebc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3d5ebc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\u010eal\u0161ie kapitoly bud\u00fa doplnen\u00e9.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cIde tu o tieto z\u00e1kony samotn\u00e9, o tieto tendencie,p\u00f4sobiace a presadzuj\u00face sa so \u017eeleznou nutnos\u0165ou.\u201d Kapit\u00e1l I. Karl Marx I. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":3184,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4037","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kapit\u00e1l I. | Front<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/smefront.org\/en\/vzdelavanie\/kapital\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kapit\u00e1l I. | Front\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cIde tu o tieto z\u00e1kony samotn\u00e9, o tieto tendencie,p\u00f4sobiace a presadzuj\u00face sa so \u017eeleznou nutnos\u0165ou.\u201d Kapit\u00e1l I. 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Karl Marx I. 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